Doré, Gustave – “Lustful”

http://www.worldofdante.org/pop_up_query.php?dbid=I139

I’ve found this image from the resource website: http://www.worldofdante.org/. This artwork is by Gustave Doré, and it’s entitled “Lustful”. I Believe this image is referring to Canto 5, “The hellish hurricane, which never rests” (Alighieri line 31).

Here you can see how Gustave Doré creates this nightmarish force of nature that is literally alive. The “hellish hurricane” is depicted in an interested way. The sinners are gravitated towards the eye of the hurricane. Or rather the sinners are the hurricane itself; to which there is no end, for I see the hurricane is stretched to the abyss.  The bodies were tossed around as if they were rag dolls. It definitely feels, coming off this artwork, cold and ruthless. This piece radiates a feeling of restlessness, as I mentioned before, there is no end to this hurricane, and why should it. There are new sinners emerging to this hellish plane every day or every second, as Dante Alighieri puts, “Which never rests”. I’ve chosen this image because I believe Gustave Doré encapsulate the dread and hopelessness Dante and Vigil brief visits to this chronic horrific scene.

This image is engraved by John Flaxman in 1973. It is under the University of Virginia (The World of Dante) archive.

http://www.worldofdante.org/pop_up_query.php?dbid=I168&show=more

This image illustrates Cerberus, the three-headed beast who resides in the third (gluttony) circle of hell. When Dante regains his consciousness from a fall, he is greeted by the harshness of the weather condition; he describes that there are hailstones, heavy rains, snows, and filthy water that stinks the environment. He then sees Cerberus, barking violent over those who have been eaten. In Cerberus’ physical appearance, the beast’s eyes are red and has a big belly, and he has talons to preys on his victim at ease. Cerberus proceeds to devours his foods with raving hunger and remains to silence while he is fulfilling his appetite.

Above is an image that I found under our resource page, poetryintranslation.com.

This image depicts a dark scene in which Dante, in front of an entrance in what it looks like to  me a huge tunnel like cave. Atop this cave entrance reads,

“THROUGH ME THE WAY TO THE INFERNAL CITY:

THROUGH ME THE WAY TO ETERNAL SADNESS:

THROUGH ME THE WAY TO THE LOST PEOPLE.

JUSTICE MOVED MY SUPREME MAKER:

I WAS SHAPED BY DIVINE POWER,

BY HIGHEST WISDOM, AND BY PRIMAL LOVE.

BEFORE ME, NOTHING WAS CREATED,

THAT IS NOT ETERNAL: AND ETERNAL I ENDURE.

FORSAKE ALL HOPE, ALL YOU THAT ENTER HERE.”

where the Devil makes it clear that these are the gates of hell. The devil refers to God as a justice moving supreme maker with divine power, highest wisdom and primal love, further establishing the fact that he is in fact the Devil, hell’s gate keeper, and the infamous fallen angel in which he takes much pride. It is nearly impossible for Dante not to be discouraged and afraid standing in front of the gates of hell to which he confesses to Virgil of feeling that this not-so welcoming message is “hard” to him, implying a sense of hesitance. Virgil then replies, “‘Here, all uncertainty must be left behind: all cowardice must be dead. We have come to the place where I told you that you would see the sad people who have lost the good of the intellect.” Virgil, both encouraging and comforting Dante leads him into the unknown abyss where he finds a plethora of diverse signs of anguish and instability.

I chose this image because I seldom like to think of what heaven will look like but never what hell will look like. I feel that it is hard to picture such unpleasant sceneries and also uninviting to my interest. Instead, when I am provided with such insights on what hell might look like it further intrigues me in reflecting on how awfully severe it might be to end up there.

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http://www.worldofdante.org/gallery_yates_thompson.html

I found this illustration on the University of Virginia’s World of Dante page.  It was under Yates Thompson 36. The illustration is by Priamo della Quercia, and is titled ‘The Three Beasts”. The illustration is not in the public domain.

This illustration refers to the majority of Canto 1. When Dante first wakes up, he finds himself in a strange, dark place. While attempting to find his way out he encounters three different animals which terrify him, before he finally meets his guide, Virgil; all of which is shown in this illustration. On the far left of the illustration, we see Dante laying on the ground, asleep, before he comes to himself. To the right, Dante is being attacked by the first of three beasts who roam this land,  a leopard. Dante has his arms flung upwards in fear of the leopard. Next, a lion is attempting to attack him. Just as before, Dante is illustrated as fearful. The third beast, a she-wolf is then attacking him, and has managed to knock him onto the ground. But on the far right, we see Dante has managed to escape, and found safety with a figure cloaked in red- Virgil.

I found this image on the website http://danteworlds.laits.utexas.edu/prologue.html#darkwood. At first, I clicked on the link labeled Inferno Gallery which led to the Danteworlds Image Gallery. I clicked on the Dark Wood link which led to a page filled with different images of artwork. This particular piece is by William Blake and is entitled “The Three Beasts”. It refers to Canto 1 in which Dante encounters three beasts, a leopard, a lion, and a she-wolf.

Here are his encounters as mentioned in the text, respectively:

In lines 31-32, Dante states, “And behold, almost at the beginning of the steep, a leopard, light and very swift, covered with spotted fur;”

In lines 43-44, Dante narrates, “…but not so that I did not fear the sight of a lion that appeared to me.”

In lines 49-50, Dante observes, “And a she-wolf, that seemed laden with all cravings in her leanness and has caused many peoples to live in wretchedness.”

In the artwork there are five important figures. One of them appears to be Dante who is making a gesture towards an angel who is making a similar gesture. It seems as if the angel and Dante are protecting each other from the beasts or perhaps, keeping them at bay. Meanwhile, in this stretched out position, Dante is staring down the three animals: a she-wolf, a lion, and a leopard from top to bottom, respectively. Each of them appear malevolent and hostile, as if ready to attack or kill him, especially the leopard who is closest to Dante. Behind the angel, there is a body of water, which impedes Dante from having a successful escape from the beasts that he encounters in a forest. There’s also a sunrise in the background. It is certainly a sunrise as opposed to a sunset because in the first canto, in lines 37-38, Dante narrates, “The time was the beginning of the morning, and the sun was mounting up with those stars that were with it…” He makes this observation after encountering the fearsome leopard and prior to mentioning the appearance of a lion and a she-wolf.

According to the same online source, where the image above is provided, there is an unsettled debate on the significance and meaning of the presence of the three beasts. Certain opinions ascertain that they represent the three major divisions of hell. The three major divisions, according to Dante, are concupiscence or sexual desire, violence, and fraud. It is said that the leopard, lion, and she-wolf align with these three respectively. However, others might say that the leopard could be fraud while the she-wolf could be concupiscence. Whatever the case may be, it is clear that the three beasts are obstacles to Dante who wishes to reach the top of a hill, which may represent heaven. He becomes overcome with fear and hopelessness and at this point, he meets Virgil whom he believes is a ghost, which only heightens his terror. He begins to weep and beg for mercy, in hopes of escaping the ferocious circumstances.

I found this image in the World of Dante under the Resources tab. The website is dedicated to be a multi-media research tool for the study of the Divine Comedy. I believe it is in the public domain since the main purpose of the website is to show the public Dante’s Divine Comedy and works. This website also allows its users to interact with poems in various ways. The image above is Beatrice visiting Virgil in Limbo made by Gustave Doré in 1890 (Dante).

In Canto 2, line 70 Beatrice is introduced, “I am Beatrice who cause you to go; I come from a place where I long to return; love has moved me and makes me speak” (Inferno); dialogue spoken by Virgil himself.  Beatrice means “She who makes blessed”. She also represents divine grace, accommodation, mediation and revelation (Inferno). In the lines 76-78, it is the first reference in which Dante gives allegoric dimension to her. “‘O lady of power, through whom alone he human race rises above all the contents of that heaven whose circles are smallest, so pleasing to me is your command that obeying….” Moreover, Beatrice plays a big role in making Dante feel better about his journey to the underworld because he does not feel worthy compared to a hero like Aeneas or the Apostle Paul. She is the one who sent Virgil to help Dante. This happened when Virgil was approached by a beautiful young woman (Beatrice) who was sent from heaven and explained she needed his help with Dante. Dante had been in love with Beatrice when she was alive so to know that she will be involved gives him reassurance.